Unit+2-+Weather+&+Climate

** INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ALL questions on this paper. No Writing is to be done on this sheet. Use the answer sheet provided and shade ONE choice in a dark coloured pencil. ** 1. A ‘closed-system’ concept is one where: (a) Energy is recycled between 2-4 elements (b) Both energy and matter are transferred across the boundary (c) There is a transfer of energy but not of matter (d) There are both spatial and temporal changes  2. The troposphere extends from: (a)  The surface vertically for approximate 12 km, where temperatures -50 ° <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">C is fairly typical <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">The surface vertically for approximate 12 km, where temperatures 50 ° <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">C is fairly typical <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">The surface vertically for approximate 18 km, where temperatures -90 ° <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">C is fairly typical <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">The surface vertically for approximate 20 km, where temperatures 40 ° <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">C is fairly typical <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">3. Which is the correct order of the atmospheric layers (lowest to highest): <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Troposphere, straopause, thermosphere, mesopause <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Tropospause, mesopause, thermopause, stratopause <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Troposphere, thermosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Troposphere, stratosphere, mesopause, thermosphere <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">4. Solar energy or insolation is also referred to as: <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Short wave radiation <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Terrestrial balance <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Radiation absorbtion <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Net radiation balance <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">5. Doldrums are: <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Areas where tradewinds flow west <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Polar easterlies <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Winds that bring dry weather <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Areas near the equator with very little wind <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">6. Which of the following climates can be found in the mid latitude <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Marine west coast, humid continental, tropical wet and dry, Mediterranean <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Marine west coast, humid continental, sub arctic Mediterranean <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Marine west coast, humid continental, polar arid, Mediterranean <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Marine west coast, humid continental, tropical wet and dry, Mediterranean, tundra <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">7. Rotations of the earth cause: <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) The green house effect <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Night and day <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Tropical wet and dry <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Humid sub tropical zone <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">8. Which of the following is not true of relief rainfall <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Moist air going over mountains give relief rainfall <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) There is often a drier area called a rain shadow <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) It occurs when the sun heats the ground and the air rises <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) The Caroni plains has relief rainfall <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">9. Which is true about convectional rainfall <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) It occurs when warm air meets cold air <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) The sun heats the ground and the air rises vertically <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) It occurs when moist air meets a mountain <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Another name for it is frontal rainfall <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">10. Which of the following is not true of depressions (lows)? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) The form in the west of the UK <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) They form when warm air meets cold air <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) They cause 75% of the UK’s weather <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) In winter the skies can be clear and bright <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">11. Which word fits the description ‘places near the coast have a smaller temperature range than those inland’: <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Latitude <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Altitude <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Continentality <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Prevailing winds <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">12. The following statements are associated with precipitation, which one is incorrect? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Air is saturated at dew point <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Precipitation is moisture that falls from the clouds <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Relief rainfall only occurs in summer <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Convectional rainfall only occurs in summer months in the UK  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">13. Which is true about synoptic charts? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Atmospheric pressure is measured in millibars and is shown on the map as isobars. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Atmospheric pressure is measured in centigrade and is shown on the map as isobars <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Atmospheric pressure is measured in degrees and is shown on the map as isobars <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Atmospheric pressure is measured in millibars and is shown on the map as contour lines <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">14. Which of the following is not a vertical heat transfer? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Radiation <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Conduction <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Convection <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Jet streams <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">15. Conditional instability is a result of: <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) The ELR being lower than both the DALR and the SALR <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) The DALR is between the SALR and the ELR <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Air being forced to rise initially <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo16; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Rising air reaching condensation level <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">16. Which statement is most accurate about temperature inversion? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) The reversal of normal atmospheric conditions <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Warmer air lying over colder air in the lower atmosphere <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) A condition that may lead to fog formation <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo17; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Temperatures increasing with height <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">17. Which of the following in NOT a method by which condensation may occur? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Advection cooling <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Adiabatic cooling <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Radiation cooling <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Sublimation <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">18. Of the factors affecting insolation, which list consist of those entirely long term? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Prevailing winds, ocean currents, aspect, cloud cover <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Ocean currents, prevailing winds, height urbanisation <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Urbanisation, aspect, cloud cover, height <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Land and sea, prevailing winds, ocean currents, height <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">19. Which statement is true regarding the heat budget? <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) A net gain of radiation exist everywhere on the earth’s surface <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) A net loss of radiation occurs throughout the atmosphere <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) No exchange of energy exists between the tropics and the poles <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) Equal surpluses of radiation exist in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">20. Katabatic winds: <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(a) Are down slope wind movements marked over glacial areas <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(b) Shallow, cold air easily obstructed by obstacles <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(c) Can form fog and frost in enclosed low lying areas <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">(d) All of the above <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">